Historical Marker

Upshur County Discovery Well

Historical marker location:
Union Grove, Texas
( 3 mi. east of Union Grove on FM 1844)
Marker installed: 1967
Marker size: 18" x 28"

J. D. Richardson No. 1. Completed May 6, 1931; first of 2,000 county wells that produced over 225,000 barrels of oil. Drilled by Mudge Oil Co.; bought by General American Oil Co., (1952).

Total depth of well: 3,754 ft.; initial daily production: 35,000 barrels of oil and 10,000,000 cu. ft. of gas. Contractor was Clark and Cowden Drilling Co.

Drilling supervisor: T. P. Kirk; Dave McCullough and R. D. Kirk, drillers. Crew: Jess Wright, John Bloomfield, W. B. Stroheim, Grady Williams, R. E. Powers, C. O. Kirk, W. D. Emerson, Tommie Thompson.

Is in extension of East Texas oil field, one of world's largest

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

oil/petroleum topics
The first oil well in the United States was drilled in Texas in 1859. The discovery of oil transformed the economy of the state and helped to make Texas one of the wealthiest states in the nation.
Texas random facts
Upshur County, located in northeastern Texas, has a rich and diverse history that dates back to the prehistoric times. The area was initially inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Caddo and Cherokee, who roamed the land and established settlements along the Sabine River. The first European explorers arrived in the 18th century, with the Spanish laying claim to the region but exerting little influence. It wasn't until the early 19th century that Anglo-American settlers began to arrive.

The county was officially organized in 1846, and it was named after Abel P. Upshur, a former United States Secretary of State. During the mid-19th century, the discovery of iron ore deposits in the county brought economic development and a boom in population. The industry fueled the growth of several towns, including Ore City and Big Sandy.

The Civil War had a significant impact on Upshur County, as it saw both Union and Confederate sympathizers in the area, leading to conflicts and divisions among the residents. After the war, the county slowly recovered and experienced growth with the arrival of the railroad in the late 19th century. The establishment of the East Texas oil industry in the early 20th century further boosted the county's economy.

Today, Upshur County continues to thrive with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, and oil production. The area also offers numerous outdoor recreational activities, such as fishing, camping, and hiking in the beautiful natural surroundings. With a rich history and a vibrant present, Upshur County remains a significant part of Texas's cultural and economic landscape.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Upshur County, Texas.

  • 1846 - Upshur County created and organized by the Texas legislature
  • 1848 - First county elections held
  • 1877 - Construction of the first courthouse
  • 1880 - The city of Gilmer becomes the county seat
  • 1890 - Population reaches 11,206
  • 1900 - First public high school established in Gilmer
  • 1930 - Discovery of oil leads to an economic boom
  • 1940 - Population peaks at 24,185
  • 1967 - Completion of Lake Gilmer, a reservoir for water supply and recreation
  • 2009 - Historic Upshur Museum dedicated in Gilmer