Historical Marker

Site of Marfa Army Air Field

Historical marker location:
US 90, Marfa, Texas
( 8 mi. E on US 90. Adjacent to Marfa Mystery Lights Viewing Center.)
Marker installed: 2007
Marker size: 27" x 42"

During World War II, the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF) established a significant number of training airfields across the state of Texas. The USAAF Western Flying Training Command selected Marfa as the site for an advanced multi-engine flying school in 1942. Due to an initial lack of supplies and properly trained personnel, the USAAF struggled at first to establish the command effectively and to provide adequate housing for those who served here.

The airfield had four hangars, five runways and a unique angled parking apron. There were also several auxiliary fields in the area. Support personnel here included a Women's Army Corps unit established in 1943 and African American troops, assigned primarily to motor pool duties. Trainees included allied Chinese flying cadets, the first class arriving in September 1944.

After Germany surrendered in May 1945, the USAAF considered deactivating Marfa Army Air Field and placed the installation on standby status. However, the need for additional transport aircraft in the Pacific campaign temporarily extended the mission of the airfield. In June 1945, the USAAF placed the airfield in the Troop Carrier Command as home of the 818th Army Air Forces Base.

The USAAF formally deactivated the base in September 1945, and the gradual exodus of the military had a devastating impact on Marfa. The military sold off buildings, many later used for civilian purposes in Marfa, Alpine and other locales. Today, all that remains of the once impressive site are foundations, runways and the memories of those who proudly supported the airfield during the war.

Texas in World War II - 2007

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

World War II military topics
The discovery of oil in 1901 near Beaumont, Texas, sparked an oil boom that transformed the state's economy and led to the rise of the modern petroleum industry.
Texas random facts
Presidio County is located in southwestern Texas and has a rich and varied history. The area was initially inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Apache and Comanche. In the 17th century, Spanish explorers arrived in the region and established the first European settlements. These settlements served as military outposts, or presidios, hence the name "Presidio County."

During the 19th century, Presidio County played a significant role in the Texas Revolution and the Mexican-American War. Fort Leaton, a well-preserved adobe fort, served as an important staging point for both conflicts. In 1848, the Amistad Expedition, a slave rebellion, took place in the county. This event resulted in international controversy and contributed to shifting attitudes towards slavery in Texas.

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Presidio County experienced growth and development due to several factors. The arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1882 spurred economic activity and brought more settlers to the area. Agriculture, particularly ranching and farming, became the primary industries. The county's proximity to the Rio Grande also made it an important trade hub.

However, Presidio County faced challenges and hardships as well. The Mexican Revolution, which began in 1910, had a significant impact on the region due to its borderland location. Smuggling, violence, and instability became prevalent, affecting the county's economy and population. Today, Presidio County reflects its diverse history, with cultural influences from Native American, Spanish, Mexican, and American settlers shaping its identity.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Presidio County, Texas.

  • 1850 - Presidio County established as one of the original 36 counties of Texas
  • 1854 - Fort Defiance established near Presidio to protect against Native American raids
  • 1875 - Presidio County seat moved from Fort Davis to Marfa
  • 1882 - Marfa and Presidio connected by the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway
  • 1884 - The Chinati Mountains declared a federal game reserve, later becoming Chinati Mountains State Natural Area
  • 1933 - Marfa becomes a major cattle-shipping center with the construction of the Presidio County Courthouse
  • 1998 - Marfa becomes known as an arts destination, after the artist Donald Judd establishes the Chinati Foundation