Historical Marker

McDonald Observatory of the University of Texas

Historical marker location:
Fort Davis, Texas
( take SH 118 W approx. 11.5 miles to the top of Mt. Locke McDonald Observatory)
Marker installed: 1968
Marker size: 27" x 42"

Original unit in complex forming one of the great observatory centers of the world. Built in the 1930s under terms of legacy from William Johnson McDonald (1844-1926), a Paris (Texas) banker interested in the stars. A well-educated man, McDonald lived frugally. As a hobby, he read science books and viewed planets through a small telescope. His will granted to the University of Texas $800,000: "to build an observatory and promote the study of astronomy."

This site was selected because of its high ratio of clear nights, its 6,800-foot altitude, and its quite low latitude that permits observation of southern skies.

The observatory was operated for its first 25 years mainly by astronomers from the University of Chicago, more recently primarily from the University of Texas. Until 1948, its 82-inch telescope was second largest in the world. Its fine work and site have resulted in the addition of other telescopes including a 107-inch instrument sponsored jointly by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the University of Texas.

Discoveries made here have included interstellar polarization and the satellites of several planets

As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.

scientific topics astronomy
The discovery of oil in 1901 near Beaumont, Texas, sparked an oil boom that transformed the state's economy and led to the rise of the modern petroleum industry.
Texas random facts
Jeff Davis County, located in the Big Bend region of Texas, has a rich and diverse history that spans centuries. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Apache and Comanche, who roamed the rugged landscape and established a connection with the region's natural surroundings. This changed in the mid-1800s, when European settlers began venturing into the area in search of new opportunities.

The county was officially established on March 15, 1887, and was named in honor of Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy during the American Civil War. Early settlers faced numerous challenges including rugged terrain, harsh weather conditions, and conflicts with Native American tribes. However, the area's rich natural resources, including fertile land and abundant water sources, attracted more settlers and contributed to the economic growth of the county.

With the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in 1882, the county experienced a period of growth and development. This led to the establishment of the county seat, Fort Davis, which became a vibrant hub of commerce, trade, and military presence. Fort Davis, named after the former Secretary of War and President of the Confederate States, Jefferson Davis, played a significant role in protecting settlers from Native American raids during the late 19th century.

Throughout the 20th century, Jeff Davis County continued to evolve, with the development of agriculture, ranching, and tourism industries. The county's rich natural beauty, including the Chihuahuan Desert and the stunning vistas of the Davis Mountains, attracted visitors and outdoor enthusiasts. Today, Jeff Davis County remains a unique blend of natural beauty, historical significance, and cultural diversity, making it an intriguing destination for those seeking a glimpse into the rich heritage and captivating landscapes of the American Southwest.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Jeff Davis County, Texas.

  • 1881: Jeff Davis County is established on March 15.
  • 1882: The town of Fort Davis becomes the county seat.
  • 1884: The county courthouse is completed.
  • 1890: The population of Jeff Davis County is 883.
  • 1911: The Alamito Creek Reservation is established.
  • 1929: Oil is discovered in the county, leading to increased economic activity.
  • 1930: The population of Jeff Davis County is 3,937.
  • 1942: The Fort Davis National Historic Site is established.
  • 1963: Davis Mountains State Park opens.
  • 1992: The population of Jeff Davis County is 1,863.
  • 2003: The Madera Wind Farm begins operation.