Cooke County Courthouse
Jurisdiction:
State Antiquities Landmarks (SALs) are designated by the Texas Historical Commission (THC) and receive legal protection under the Antiquities Code of Texas (the Code). The Code defines all cultural resources on non-federal public lands in the State of Texas as eligible to be designated as SALs. Historic buildings and other aboveground historic resources must be listed in the National Register of Historic Places before they can be designated as SALs, but archeological sites do not have the same prerequisite.
SAL designation does not mean that sites or buildings cannot be altered or destroyed. The land-owning agency must consult with the THC about such proposed actions through the permit process, and the THC will determine whether the work will be allowed.
Buildings designated as SALs are listed in the Texas Historic Sites Atlas. However, information about designated archeological sites is not available to the general public to protect the sites from vandalism and destruction.
The state of Texas was once an independent country known as the Republic of Texas. It gained independence from Mexico in 1836 and was a separate nation until it was annexed by the United States in 1845.
The county was officially established in 1848 and named after William G. Cooke, a lawyer and military figure. Soon after its formation, settlers began to arrive, attracted by fertile land and the promise of prosperity. Agriculture, particularly cotton farming, became the backbone of the local economy. Additionally, the arrival of the Texas and Pacific Railway in the late 19th century led to further growth and development in Cooke County.
During the Civil War, Cooke County played a significant role. Many local men enlisted in the Confederate Army and participated in various battles. The county also experienced conflicts between Union and Confederate sympathizers, leading to tension and violence within the community.
After the war, Cooke County continued to thrive, with the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses. The county seat, Gainesville, grew rapidly and became an important regional center. Today, Cooke County boasts a blend of rural beauty and urban amenities, with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, healthcare, and education. The county's rich history and vibrant community continue to shape its present and future.
Cooke County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Cooke County, Texas.
- 1848 - Cooke County is established by the Texas state legislature.
- 1850 - The first courthouse is built in the county's original seat, Bulcher.
- 1857 - Gainesville becomes the new county seat, and the courthouse is relocated there.
- 1861-1865 - Cooke County residents actively participate in the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War.
- 1875 - The Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railway reaches Gainesville, leading to increased economic development.
- 1879 - The notorious Sam Bass and his gang stage the first train robbery in the state of Texas near Round Rock, resulting in their eventual capture in Cook County.
- 1880s-1890s - Cotton production booms in Cooke County, making it one of the wealthiest areas in the state.
- 1927 - The historic Bridge Street in Gainesville is paved, becoming the first street in Texas with a state highway designation.
- 1930s - The Great Depression leads to a decline in the local economy and agricultural industry.
- 1960s - Interstate 35 is constructed through Gainesville, bringing improved transportation and economic opportunities.
- 2000s - Cooke County experiences steady population growth and becomes a popular destination for outdoor recreational activities.