What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

236 3rd St., SW., Canton, Ohio

( Marker is at the intersection of 3rd Street and Cleveland Avenue SW, on the right when traveling east on 3rd Street.)

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

The Cleveland Museum of Art, located in Cleveland, Ohio, is one of the largest and most prestigious art museums in the United States. It has a collection of more than 61,000 works of art, including works by Pablo Picasso, Vincent van Gogh, and Rembrandt.

About Stark County

Stark County, Ohio has a rich history dating back to the early 19th century. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Delaware and Wyandot tribes. European settlers began arriving in the late 18th century, with the establishment of settlements such as Canton, Massillon, and Alliance.

During the early 1800s, Stark County experienced rapid growth and development. The completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal in 1827 provided an economic boost, as it connected the region to other parts of Ohio and allowed for easier transportation of goods. This led to the expansion of industries such as manufacturing, agriculture, and coal mining.

Stark County played a significant role in the abolitionist movement and the Underground Railroad. Many residents were active in helping enslaved individuals escape to freedom, and local landmarks like the Wesleyan Methodist Church in East Canton served as safe havens for fugitive slaves.

In the 20th century, Stark County became known for its thriving steel and manufacturing industries. Companies like Timken Steel, Republic Steel, and Hoover Company contributed to the county's economic growth and development. However, like many other industrial towns, Stark County experienced a decline in these industries in the latter part of the century, leading to changes in the local economy.

Today, Stark County is a diverse and vibrant community with a mix of urban and rural areas. It is home to various cultural and historical attractions, including the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the William McKinley Presidential Library and Museum, and the Canton Museum of Art. The county continues to evolve and adapt, embracing new industries and opportunities while cherishing its deep historical roots.

Stark County Timeline

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Stark County, Ohio.

1809 - Stark County is founded.
1825 - Canton, the county seat, is incorporated.
1833 - The Ohio and Erie Canal reaches Canton, bringing economic growth to the area.
1861-1865 - Stark County sends many soldiers to fight in the American Civil War.
1892 - The Pro Football Hall of Fame is established in Canton.
1920 - The first professional football league, the American Professional Football Association (later renamed the National Football League), is founded in Canton.
1940s-1950s - Stark County experiences industrial growth as manufacturing and steel production expand.
1960s-1970s - Economic decline occurs as the manufacturing industry declines.
1990 - The Timken Company, a major employer in the area, celebrates 100 years of operation in Stark County.
2000s - Efforts to revitalize downtown Canton begin, including the construction of the Pro Football Hall of Fame Village.