Gloucester County, New Jersey

Gloucester County, New Jersey has a rich and diverse history dating back to before the founding of the United States. The area was originally inhabited by the Lenni-Lenape Native American tribe, who farmed and hunted in the region. European settlers arrived in the late 17th century, primarily from England and Ireland, establishing farms and small communities.

During the American Revolutionary War, Gloucester County played a significant role in the fight for independence. The county's residents actively participated in the war effort, with notable events such as the Battle of Red Bank in 1777, where local militia defended Fort Mercer against British forces. The outcome of this battle spurred further momentum for the Revolutionary cause.

In the 19th century, Gloucester County experienced significant industrial growth. The county's proximity to Philadelphia and its natural resources, including rich farmland and waterways, attracted industries such as glass manufacturing, ironworking, and shipbuilding. The town of Glassboro became known for its glass industry, producing high-quality glassware and bottles. This period of industrialization brought economic growth and population expansion to the county.

In the 20th century, Gloucester County transformed into a suburban area as more people moved from Philadelphia in search of affordable housing and a quieter lifestyle. The county's agricultural heritage remained strong, with many farms continuing to operate and supply the local community with fresh produce. In recent years, Gloucester County has seen further development and diversification, with the establishment of technology and research-based businesses, as well as the growth of higher education institutions such as Rowan University.

Overall, Gloucester County's history is marked by its role in the Revolutionary War, industrial development, agricultural heritage, and transition to a suburban community with a growing emphasis on education and technology.
Brief timeline of the history of Gloucester County, New Jersey:

  • 1686 - Gloucester County is officially established in the Province of West Jersey.
  • 1777 - Gloucester County plays a significant role in the American Revolutionary War, with the Battle of Red Bank taking place in the county.
  • 1800s - Gloucester County experiences rapid industrialization, particularly in glass manufacturing.
  • 1860 - The county's population reaches nearly 40,000 residents as agriculture and manufacturing thrive.
  • 1871 - The West Jersey and Seashore Railroad connects Gloucester County to Atlantic City, boosting tourism in the region.
  • 1950s - Post-World War II suburbanization leads to significant population growth in Gloucester County.
  • 1965 - Glassboro hosts the historic Glassboro Summit Conference between U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin during the Cold War.
  • 1992 - Rowan College (now Rowan University) is granted university status, becoming a major educational institution in Gloucester County.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Gloucester County, New Jersey.