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Thurston County, Nebraska has a rich history that dates back centuries. Before European settlement, the area was inhabited by the Omaha and Ponca Native American tribes. Their presence can be traced as far back as the 18th century, and they relied heavily on the Missouri River for trade and resources.

European explorers and settlers arrived in the area in the early 19th century. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark ventured through the land in 1804 during their famous expedition, noting the abundance of wildlife and the strategic importance of the Missouri River. In 1856, the Omaha tribe ceded the land to the United States government, opening it up for settlement.

Thurston County was officially established in 1889. It was named after John M. Thurston, a prominent Nebraska politician at the time. The town of Pender was chosen as the county seat. During its early years, the county saw a boom in agriculture, with settlers growing crops like wheat, corn, and oats on the fertile soil.

Over the years, Thurston County has embraced its diverse cultural heritage. The Omaha Tribe of Nebraska, which has a reservation within the county, plays a significant role in the community. The tribe's culture and traditions are celebrated through various events and initiatives. Today, Thurston County continues to thrive with a strong agricultural economy and a commitment to preserving its rich history and natural beauty.