National Register Listing

Fort Robinson and Red Cloud Agency

a.k.a. See Also:Opera House Buildings in Nebraska 1867-1917 MPS

2 mi. W of Crawford, Crawford, NE
Local significance of the district:
Native American; Military

Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1966.

The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.

The University of Nebraska was founded in 1869, just two years after Nebraska became a state.
Nebraska random facts
Dawes County, Nebraska, is located in the western part of the state and has a rich history dating back thousands of years. The area has been inhabited by Native American tribes such as the Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne, and Omaha, who utilized the land for hunting and gathering. European settlement began in the mid-19th century when pioneers started to pass through on their way to California during the Gold Rush.

In 1877, the Fort Robinson military post was established as a strategic location during the Indian Wars. It served as a key outpost in conflicts with Native American tribes and played a crucial role in the capture of famed Lakota Sioux Chief Crazy Horse in 1877. The fort became an essential supply center and played a significant role in the development of the region.

Dawes County was officially established on February 19, 1885, and was named after Henry L. Dawes, a United States Senator from Massachusetts who played a prominent role in the passage of the Dawes Act of 1887. This act aimed to encourage Native Americans to assimilate into American society by dividing tribal lands into individual allotments. The county's first settlement, Chadron, was selected as the county seat.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Dawes County experienced growth and development. Agriculture became a primary industry, with settlers cultivating crops and raising livestock. The county also saw the establishment of schools, churches, and businesses. Today, Dawes County preserves its history through museums, heritage sites, and events that celebrate its Native American and pioneer roots. It continues to be a vibrant and evolving community in the western part of Nebraska.

This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Dawes County, Nebraska.

  • 1853 - The area of Dawes County, NE is originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Sioux and Cheyenne.
  • 1876 - The U.S. government signs the Treaty of Fort Laramie, opening up the area to settlement by non-Native Americans.
  • 1883 - Dawes County is officially established, named after James W. Dawes, a former U.S. Senator from Nebraska.
  • 1884 - The first county seat is established in Dawes City, which is later moved to Chadron in 1885.
  • 1886 - The Chadron State Normal School (now Chadron State College) is founded, becoming an important educational institution for the county.
  • 1891 - The Fremont, Elkhorn and Missouri Valley Railroad reaches Chadron, opening up the area to increased transportation and commerce.
  • 1910 - The Pine Ridge Reservation, home to the Oglala Sioux Tribe, is established in the southwestern corner of Dawes County.
  • 1935 - The Pine Ridge National Recreation Area is established, encompassing parts of Dawes County and becoming a popular tourist destination.
  • 1960s-1970s - The American Indian Movement (AIM) gains prominence, leading to activism and protests in and around Dawes County.
  • 2000s - Dawes County experiences economic growth and diversification, with agriculture, education, and tourism being major contributors to the local economy.