Historical Markers in

Wilkinson County, Mississippi

Wilkinson County, Mississippi, holds a rich and diverse history dating back to before the arrival of European settlers. The Native American Natchez tribe inhabited the region and built impressive ceremonial mounds. In the late 17th century, French explorers began to venture into the area, establishing relationships with the Natchez and building Fort Rosalie in 1716. However, tensions arose between the French and the Natchez, resulting in the Natchez War in 1729-1731, leading to the Natchez being largely displaced from the area.

In the early 19th century, Wilkinson County saw an influx of settlers from the eastern United States. The county was officially established in 1802, with Woodville as its county seat. The area flourished, with the fertile soil attracting cotton plantations and wealthy plantation owners. These plantations relied heavily on slave labor, and by 1860, over 9,000 slaves were living in Wilkinson County, making up the majority of the population.

During the Civil War, Wilkinson County became a significant site for military operations. The Battle of Woodville took place in 1863, as Union forces attempted to disrupt the supply lines of the Confederate army. After the war, the county faced the challenges of Reconstruction, with many plantations destroyed and the social and economic fabric of the area severely disrupted.

Throughout the 20th century, Wilkinson County experienced periods of growth and decline. The advent of the railroad in the late 19th century brought economic opportunities, but the Great Depression in the 1930s saw many residents struggle. Today, Wilkinson County continues to maintain its rural character, with a focus on agricultural activities such as forestry and farming. The county also boasts historic buildings, such as the Woodville Rosenwald School, which serve as reminders of its rich history.