Historical Markers in

Calhoun County, Mississippi

Calhoun County, Mississippi has a rich history that dates back centuries. The area was initially inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Chickasaw and Choctaw Indians, who lived off the land and engaged in hunting and gathering. European settlers began arriving in the 1800s, attracted by the fertile soil and natural resources found in the region.

In the early 1830s, the county was established and named after John C. Calhoun, a prominent South Carolina politician. The county quickly developed as a center for agriculture, with cotton becoming the primary cash crop. Slavery played a significant role in the county's economy through the antebellum period, with many large plantations relying on enslaved labor. The Civil War had a remarkable impact on Calhoun County, as it experienced major battles and Confederate occupation throughout the conflict.

After the war, the county faced significant challenges during the Reconstruction era. The agricultural landscape shifted, with many former plantations being divided into smaller farms worked by sharecroppers. This new system of labor brought significant economic and social changes to Calhoun County, as many families struggled to rebuild their lives.

The 20th century saw Calhoun County adapt to new industries and technologies. The introduction of railroads and improved transportation infrastructure allowed for increased access to markets, promoting economic growth. The timber industry flourished, and sawmills became a significant employer in the region. However, like many rural areas, the county also faced challenges, including emigration and a declining population.

Overall, Calhoun County has a diverse and complex history that reflects the broader patterns of the American South. From Native American tribes to European settlers, plantations to sharecropping, and the rise of new industries, the county's history has been shaped by a mix of cultural, economic, and social forces.