Historical Markers in Washington County, Missouri
The Missouri State Penitentiary, located in Jefferson City, was once the oldest operating prison west of the Mississippi River. It opened in 1836 and closed in 2004.
About Washington County
Washington County Timeline
Washington County, Missouri has a rich history that dates back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Osage and Delaware tribes, who relied on hunting, fishing, and agriculture for their livelihoods. European settlers began arriving in the late 18th century, and the county was officially established in 1813. It was named after George Washington, the first President of the United States.
During the 19th century, Washington County became known for its lead mines, which brought an influx of miners and businessmen to the area. Lead production thrived here, and the county soon became one of the most significant lead producers in the United States. The mining industry also contributed to the development of towns like Potosi, Caledonia, and Irondale, which served as important trading and transportation hubs.
The county played a significant role in the American Civil War. Located in a border state, Washington County witnessed its share of conflict between Union and Confederate forces. The Battle of Pilot Knob, fought in September 1864, was a pivotal moment in the war and resulted in a Union victory. Today, the Battle of Pilot Knob State Historic Site serves as a reminder of this important event.
In the 20th century, Washington County shifted away from mining as its main economic driver. Agriculture and manufacturing grew in importance, and the county experienced a steady population growth. Today, Washington County is known for its picturesque countryside, outdoor recreational opportunities, and historical attractions. It continues to evolve, striving to preserve its unique heritage while embracing modern advancements.
During the 19th century, Washington County became known for its lead mines, which brought an influx of miners and businessmen to the area. Lead production thrived here, and the county soon became one of the most significant lead producers in the United States. The mining industry also contributed to the development of towns like Potosi, Caledonia, and Irondale, which served as important trading and transportation hubs.
The county played a significant role in the American Civil War. Located in a border state, Washington County witnessed its share of conflict between Union and Confederate forces. The Battle of Pilot Knob, fought in September 1864, was a pivotal moment in the war and resulted in a Union victory. Today, the Battle of Pilot Knob State Historic Site serves as a reminder of this important event.
In the 20th century, Washington County shifted away from mining as its main economic driver. Agriculture and manufacturing grew in importance, and the county experienced a steady population growth. Today, Washington County is known for its picturesque countryside, outdoor recreational opportunities, and historical attractions. It continues to evolve, striving to preserve its unique heritage while embracing modern advancements.
Washington County Timeline
This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Washington County, Missouri.
- 1813 - Washington County is officially established as a county in the Missouri Territory.
- 1824 - The first courthouse is built in Potosi, which becomes the county seat.
- 1830 - The Missouri Mines State Historic Site is established in Potosi, highlighting the area's mining history.
- 1856 - Missouri Baptist College is founded in Potosi, which later becomes known as Missouri Baptist University.
- 1860 - The St. Joe Lead Company is established, becoming one of the largest lead mining operations in the county.
- 1873 - The current Washington County Courthouse is built in Potosi, replacing the previous one.
- 1940s-1960s - The mining industry declines, leading to a significant economic impact on the county.
- 1981 - The Potosi Correctional Center is opened, providing employment opportunities in the area.
- 2002 - The Washington State Park, popular for outdoor activities and historic sites, is designated as a state park.
- 2018 - The total population of Washington County reaches approximately 25,000 residents.