National Register Listing

St. Francois County Jail and Sheriff's Residence

11 N. Franklin St., Farmington, MO
Local significance of the building:
Law; Architecture

Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1996.

The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.

law architecture jails and prisons
The Missouri State Penitentiary, located in Jefferson City, was once the oldest operating prison west of the Mississippi River. It opened in 1836 and closed in 2004.
Missouri random facts
St. Francois County, Missouri, has a rich and diverse history dating back centuries. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, particularly the Osage and Mississippian cultures, who left behind fascinating archaeological sites. In the 18th century, French fur traders began exploring the region, establishing the first European presence. The county was named after St. Francis of Assisi, and it officially became part of the newly-formed Missouri Territory in 1812.

In the early 19th century, St. Francois County experienced a boom with the discovery of valuable mineral deposits. Lead and iron ore mining became the focal point of the local economy, attracting settlers and entrepreneurs. The region's rich natural resources fueled growth and development, leading to the establishment of mining towns like Bonne Terre and Leadwood. The mining industry was the backbone of St. Francois County's economy for many decades, leaving behind a legacy of historic mine structures and cultural heritage.

During the Civil War, St. Francois County was caught between divided loyalties. Though Missouri stayed in the Union, the county witnessed skirmishes and guerilla warfare between Confederate and Union forces. Several battles took place, including the Battle of Pilot Knob, where Union forces successfully defended Fort Davidson against Confederate attacks. The war had a lasting impact on the region, and today, there are several historic sites and markers that commemorate this tumultuous period.

In the 20th century, the mining industry gradually declined, and St. Francois County diversified its economy. The area transitioned to agriculture, manufacturing, and service industries. Today, the county is known for its vibrant communities, natural beauty, and recreational opportunities, including the popular St. Francois State Park. St. Francois County remains proud of its rich history, which is evident in its historic sites, museums, and the preservation of its cultural heritage.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of St. Francois County, Missouri.

  • 1725 - French explorers reach the area that is now St. Francois County.
  • 1763 - The area is ceded to Spain as a result of the Treaty of Paris.
  • 1800 - St. Francois County becomes part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase.
  • 1812 - Mark Twain is born in Florida, a small town in St. Francois County.
  • 1821 - Missouri becomes a state, and St. Francois County is officially created.
  • 1861-1865 - St. Francois County supports the Union during the Civil War.
  • 1871 - The Missouri Pacific Railroad reaches St. Francois County, aiding in its growth.
  • 1905 - St. Francois County Courthouse is completed in Farmington.
  • 1940 - The Desloge Lead Company, a major mining company, is established.
  • 1980s - The mining industry declines, leading to economic challenges for St. Francois County.
  • 2005 - The Missouri Mines State Historic Site opens to preserve the region's mining history.