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Chariton County, located in the state of Missouri, has a rich and diverse history that dates back centuries. The region was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Iowa, Sac, and Fox. European exploration began in the 18th century, with French explorers and fur traders venturing into the area. The region was later acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.

The county was officially established in 1820 and named after the Chariton River. The early settlers were primarily of European descent, with many coming from Kentucky and Virginia. Agriculture quickly became the backbone of the county's economy, with crops such as tobacco, hemp, and corn being grown. The county's rich soil and access to waterways made it an ideal location for farming.

During the American Civil War, Chariton County witnessed significant events and conflicts. The county was divided in its loyalties to the Union and the Confederacy, causing tensions and violence. The Battle of Yellow Creek, fought in 1862 within the county, was one of the larger engagements to take place in Missouri during the war. After the war, the county began to focus on rebuilding and diversifying its economy.

In the 20th century, Chariton County experienced both economic growth and challenges. The county saw advancements in transportation with the construction of railroads, which helped connect the area to larger markets. However, like many rural areas, Chariton County faced challenges in the form of population decline and changing demographics. Today, the county continues to value its history and agricultural heritage while also embracing modern developments and opportunities for growth.