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Fillmore County, located in southeastern Minnesota, has a rich and diverse history that spans back thousands of years. Native American tribes, including the Dakota and Ho-Chunk, were the original inhabitants of the area. European settlement began in the early 1850s, with the establishment of towns and farms in response to the Minnesota Territorial Government's efforts to expand westward.

The county was officially formed in 1853 and named after President Millard Fillmore. The towns of Preston, the county seat, and Chatfield quickly grew as trading centers for the surrounding agricultural communities. Agriculture played a vital role in the county's development, with crops such as wheat, oats, corn, and barley being grown by the early settlers. The construction of railroads in the late 19th century further facilitated trade and economic growth in the region.

Fillmore County was also significantly impacted by the American Civil War. Many of its young men enlisted in the Union Army, with some regiments being entirely comprised of members from the county. The war brought both economic hardships and social changes to the region, leading to the development of new industries and the growth of education and healthcare facilities.

In recent times, Fillmore County has been revitalized as a popular tourist destination. The area's natural beauty, including its many parks, rivers, and bluffs, attracts outdoor enthusiasts. Historical sites, such as the Historic Forestville and Mystery Cave State Park, provide visitors with a glimpse into the county's past. With a diverse community and a mix of urban and rural areas, Fillmore County continues to evolve while embracing its rich heritage.