Historical Marker

Camp Nelson Refugee Camp


Established in 1863 to house families of African American soldiers, Camp Nelson became the chief center issuing emancipation papers to former slaves. Army's withdrawal from camp in 1866 exposed refugees to violence of white "regulators," who were opposed to presence of freed African Americans.

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Conditions at Refugee Camp - Many women and children died from disease and exposure to weather in make-shift camp. Brutal expulsion of refugees from camp in winter of 1864 was fatal to many. Only efforts by Rev. John G. Fee and other humanitarian workers improved conditions. A school, a hospital, and permanent housing later served up to 3,000 African Americans in their transition to freedom

  A brief timeline of the Civil War

  • April 12, 1861: The Civil War begins with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, located in South Carolina's Charleston Harbor.

  • April 15, 1861: President Abraham Lincoln issues a call for 75,000 volunteers to serve in the Union Army to suppress the rebellion.

  • May 24, 1861: The first major land battle, known as the First Battle of Bull Run (or First Battle of Manassas), takes place in Virginia. It ends in Confederate victory.

  • September 17, 1862: The Battle of Antietam in Maryland becomes the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with heavy casualties on both sides. The Union forces, commanded by General George McClellan, manage to halt Confederate General Robert E. Lee's advance into Union territory.

  • January 1, 1863: President Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that all slaves in Confederate-held territories are to be set free. However, the proclamation does not immediately free all slaves in the United States.

  • July 1-3, 1863: The Battle of Gettysburg in Pennsylvania takes place, resulting in a significant Union victory and inflicting heavy casualties on Confederate forces. It marks a turning point in the war.

  • November 19, 1863: President Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address, emphasizing the principles of liberty, equality, and the preservation of the Union.

  • April 9, 1865: General Robert E. Lee surrenders to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia, effectively ending the Civil War.

  • April 14, 1865: President Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending a play at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.

  • May 10, 1865: Confederate President Jefferson Davis is captured, signaling the collapse of the Confederate government.

  • December 6, 1865: The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, officially abolishing slavery throughout the country.

While this timeline provides an overview of key events, it is important to note that the Civil War spanned over four years, from 1861 to 1865, and encompassed numerous battles, campaigns, and political developments that shaped the course of American history.

African American Camps Civil War Union Army Reconstruction Era
The famous Hatfield-McCoy feud, a long-running and violent conflict between two Appalachian families, began in Kentucky in the late 19th century.
Kentucky random facts
Jessamine County is located in central Kentucky and has a rich history that dates back to the early 18th century. The county was named after a Native American word "jasmine" and was officially established in 1799. Prior to its official formation, the area was home to various Native American tribes, including the Shawnee and Cherokee.

In the early years, settlers from Virginia and North Carolina began to migrate to Jessamine County in search of new land and opportunities. The fertile soil and abundant natural resources attracted many farmers, and agriculture became the dominant economic activity. Tobacco, hemp, and livestock farming became mainstays of the local economy.

During the Civil War, Jessamine County experienced division, with residents choosing sides between the Union and Confederate forces. The county saw skirmishes and raids from both sides, and the Battle of Camp Nelson took place in nearby Madison County. The Emancipation Proclamation also had a significant impact on Jessamine County, as Camp Nelson became a key site for recruiting African American soldiers and providing refuge for escaping slaves.

In the 20th century, Jessamine County experienced steady growth and development. The advent of the railroad and the construction of highways brought increased connectivity to the area, enabling the transportation of goods and services. Agriculture remained vital, although manufacturing and retail sectors also began to flourish. Today, Jessamine County is a blend of rural and suburban areas, with a diverse economy that includes agriculture, manufacturing, and various service sectors. The county boasts a rich historical heritage, which is preserved through its many historical sites and landmarks.

This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Jessamine County, Kentucky.

  • 1798: Jessamine County is established as the 36th county of Kentucky.
  • 1800: Nicholasville becomes the county seat of Jessamine County.
  • 1812: The first courthouse is built in Nicholasville.
  • 1830s: The construction of turnpikes leads to increased economic growth in the county.
  • 1861-1865: Jessamine County is divided during the American Civil War, with some residents supporting the Union and others the Confederacy.
  • 1872: The Kentucky Wesleyan College is founded in Nicholasville.
  • 1900s: Agriculture, particularly tobacco farming, dominates the economy of Jessamine County.
  • 1970s: Urbanization begins to shape the county as the Lexington metropolitan area expands.
  • 1990s: The county experiences rapid population growth and development.
  • Present: Jessamine County continues to thrive with a diverse economy and a growing population.