Crawford-Whitehead-Ross House
a.k.a. See Also:Madison Historic District
510 W. Main St., Madison, IN Local significance of the building:Listed in National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of the Nation’s historic places worthy of preservation. Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Park Service’s National Register of Historic Places is part of a national program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archeological resources.
During the early years of its establishment, Jefferson County was primarily an agricultural community, with farms and plantations dominating the landscape. The economy thrived on the production of crops such as tobacco, wheat, and corn. By the mid-19th century, industrialization brought significant changes to the area. The arrival of railroads and the Ohio River propelled economic growth, leading to the establishment of manufacturing industries and trade centers. Madison, the county seat, became a bustling river port and a hub for commerce.
The county's history was influenced by the Civil War, as it was situated along the border of the Union and Confederate states. Jefferson County played a key role in supporting the Union cause, providing troops and resources to the Union Army. The Battle of Madison, fought in July 1863, was a notable event during the war, resulting in the defeat of Confederate forces. The war brought destruction to the county, but it also marked the beginning of a new era of reconstruction and growth.
In the latter half of the 20th century, Jefferson County saw modernization and advancement in various fields. The agricultural sector evolved with the adoption of new farming techniques and technology. The county also experienced growth in education and healthcare services, with the establishment of schools, hospitals, and medical facilities. Heritage tourism also became a significant aspect of the county's economy, as historical sites and attractions drew visitors from near and far.
Today, Jefferson County, Indiana stands as a testament to its past, with a blend of historical charm and contemporary development. It continues to thrive as a vibrant community, drawing on its rich history as it moves towards a promising future.
Jefferson County Timeline
This timeline provides a glimpse into the major events and milestones that have shaped the history of Jefferson County, Indiana.
- 1809: Jefferson County is established by the Indiana Territory.
- 1812: Madison becomes the county seat of Jefferson County.
- 1814: The county gains its first post office.
- 1821: Hanover College is founded in Jefferson County.
- 1828: Jefferson County's first courthouse is completed.
- 1840: The population of Jefferson County reaches over 13,000.
- 1851: The Madison and Indiana Railroad is completed, connecting Jefferson County to Indianapolis.
- 1863: During the American Civil War, Jefferson County experiences the Battle of Madison.
- 1898: The Carnegie Library in downtown Madison is constructed.
- 1937: The Ohio River flood devastates Jefferson County.
- 1965: The Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corporation begins operating the Madison Plant, a coal-fired power plant.
- 1987: Madison is designated a National Historic Landmark District.