What are Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries are public libraries that were built with financial assistance from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. These libraries were funded by Carnegie's donations and were established across the United States and other countries during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Who was Andrew Carnegie?

Andrew Carnegie was a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist who made a fortune in the steel industry during the late 19th century. He believed in the importance of education and donated a significant portion of his wealth to fund the construction of public libraries, known as Carnegie Libraries.

Why did Andrew Carnegie fund libraries?

Andrew Carnegie believed that access to knowledge and education was vital for individual and societal progress. He funded libraries as a way to provide free access to books and learning resources to communities, particularly those that lacked access to educational opportunities.

How many Carnegie Libraries were built?

Between 1883 and 1929, Carnegie's donations led to the construction of over 2,500 libraries worldwide. The majority of these libraries were built in the United States, with others in countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.

What was the process to receive funding for a Carnegie Library?

Communities seeking funding for a Carnegie Library had to submit a formal application to Carnegie's foundation, providing details about their need for a library, willingness to maintain the library, and plans for site selection and ongoing funding. Carnegie's foundation would then review the application and approve or deny the request.

What were the architectural features of Carnegie Libraries?

Carnegie Libraries often featured neoclassical architectural styles, reflecting the prevailing design preferences of the time. Many were designed by prominent architects and showcased features like grand entrances, decorative facades, and large reading rooms with high ceilings and natural light.

Were all Carnegie Libraries the same?

While Carnegie Libraries shared the common purpose of providing public access to books and knowledge, their sizes and designs varied depending on the community's needs and available funding. Some libraries were smaller, single-room facilities, while others were larger, multi-story buildings.

Are Carnegie Libraries still in use today?

Many Carnegie Libraries are still in use today, serving as public libraries, community centers, museums, or other cultural institutions. Some have undergone renovations or expansions to accommodate modern needs, while others remain relatively unchanged.

Did Carnegie Libraries have any specific requirements or conditions?

Carnegie's donations often came with conditions. For example, communities were expected to provide a suitable site for the library, commit to maintaining the facility, and allocate a portion of their annual budget for library operations. Additionally, racial segregation was sometimes enforced in Carnegie Libraries, reflecting the social norms of the era.

What is the legacy of Carnegie Libraries?

The Carnegie Library initiative had a significant impact on public library development worldwide. It expanded access to education, promoted literacy, and served as a model for future library systems. The libraries continue to play a crucial role in communities by providing free access to knowledge and fostering a love of reading.

Historical Marker

Covington Carnegie Library

Historical marker location:

Covington, Indiana

( Marker is at the intersection of Fifth Street and Crockett Street, on the right when traveling north on Fifth Street.)

A brief timeline of the history of Carnegie Libraries

1881: Andrew Carnegie, a Scottish-American industrialist and philanthropist, begins his philanthropic efforts in library construction by donating funds to build the Braddock Library in Pennsylvania.
1883: The first "Carnegie Library" is officially established in Dunfermline, Scotland, Carnegie's birthplace. This library serves as a model for future Carnegie Libraries.
1886: Carnegie writes an article titled "Wealth," where he articulates his belief in philanthropy and the responsibility of the wealthy to give back to society.
1889: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is established with the aim of funding the construction of libraries across the United States and other English-speaking countries.
1893: The first Carnegie Library in the United States, the Carnegie Library of Braddock in Pennsylvania, is opened to the public.
Late 1890s to early 1900s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries spreads rapidly throughout the United States and other parts of the English-speaking world, including Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand. The libraries are often designed by prominent architects and feature diverse architectural styles.
1901: The Carnegie Corporation of New York is founded as a philanthropic organization to manage and administer Andrew Carnegie's charitable projects, including the library program.
1902: Carnegie makes a significant endowment, donating $10 million to establish the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The Institute includes a library, an art gallery, and a natural history museum.
1917: Andrew Carnegie dies, leaving a lasting legacy of philanthropy, including the establishment of thousands of libraries around the world.
1920s-1930s: The construction of Carnegie Libraries gradually slows down, and the focus shifts to maintaining and updating existing libraries to meet changing community needs.
Late 20th century to present: Many Carnegie Libraries undergo renovations, expansions, or repurposing to adapt to modern library services and technological advancements. Some continue to operate as public libraries, while others have been transformed into cultural centers, museums, community spaces, or educational institutions.

The Carnegie Libraries have left an indelible mark on the accessibility of knowledge and education. They remain a testament to Andrew Carnegie's belief in the power of libraries to uplift communities and provide opportunities for personal and intellectual growth.

The name "Indiana" means "Land of the Indians" and was chosen in reference to the Native American tribes who once inhabited the area.

About Fountain County

Fountain County, located in the western part of Indiana, has a rich history that dates back to the early 1800s. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Miami and Kickapoo, who thrived on the fertile land along the Wabash River.

European settlers began to arrive in the late 1810s, attracted to the area's natural resources and fertile soil. The county was officially established in 1826 and named after the many natural springs and fountains found throughout the region. During this time, agriculture became the primary industry in the county, with corn, wheat, and livestock farming playing a crucial role in the local economy.

In the mid-19th century, Fountain County experienced significant growth with the construction of railroads, which facilitated trade and transportation in the area. The county became an essential transportation hub, connecting the Wabash and Erie Canal to other parts of Indiana. The arrival of the railroads also contributed to the development of several towns within Fountain County, including Attica, Covington, and Hillsboro.

During the Civil War, Fountain County was deeply divided, with some residents supporting the Union and others sympathizing with the Confederacy. Several skirmishes and raids occurred in the area, as both sides vied for control over the strategic Wabash River. The war had a lasting impact on the county, leading to the division of families and the loss of many lives.

Today, Fountain County continues to be known for its agricultural heritage and scenic landscapes. The county is home to a variety of farms, vineyards, and orchards, emphasizing its importance in Indiana's farming industry. With its rich history and natural beauty, Fountain County attracts visitors who appreciate its charming small towns, historic sites, and outdoor recreational opportunities.

Fountain County Timeline

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Fountain County, Indiana.

1816: Fountain County is established by the Indiana General Assembly
1826: Covington becomes the county seat of Fountain County
1831: First school is established in the county
1836: Construction of the Wabash and Erie Canal begins in the county
1847: The first railroad is completed in Fountain County
1861-1865: Fountain County residents serve in the American Civil War
1871: The first public library is established in Covington
1913: The first electric service is provided in the county
1943: The U.S. Army establishes the Newport Chemical Depot in the county
1974: Historic covered bridge, the Portland Mills Bridge, is partially destroyed by arson
1998: The Hoosier Heartland Highway connects Fountain County to Lafayette