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Fulton County, located in Illinois, has a rich and varied history that dates back to the early 1800s. The area was initially settled by Native American tribes, particularly the Fox and Sauk tribes, who resided along the Illinois River. European explorers, like French trappers and traders, began to arrive in the late 17th century, followed by American settlers in the early 19th century.

The county was officially established in 1823 and named after Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat. The introduction of steamboats brought significant economic development to Fulton County, as trade along the Illinois River increased, and communities like Havana and Lewistown flourished. Agriculture also played a vital role during this time, with farmers cultivating crops and raising livestock to support the growing population.

During the mid-19th century, Fulton County became an important hub for the Underground Railroad, aiding escaped slaves in their journey to freedom. The county's geographical location, with its proximity to the Mississippi River and connections to other abolitionist communities, made it an attractive destination for freedom seekers. This era of resistance and activism helped shape the county's identity as a place of social progress.

In later years, Fulton County experienced economic decline and population loss due to factors such as the decline of the steamboat industry and changes in agricultural practices. However, efforts to conserve its historical sites and promote tourism have helped revitalize the county's economy in recent decades. Today, Fulton County continues to honor its diverse past, celebrate its cultural heritage, and embrace its natural beauty.