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Fayette County, Iowa, has a rich and varied history dating back to the early 1800s. Native American tribes originally inhabited the area, including the Mesquakie (also known as the Fox) and the Dakota Sioux. European settlement began in the 1830s, with pioneers attracted to the fertile land along the Upper Iowa River.

In 1837, a settlement named Westfield was established, which later became West Union, the county seat of Fayette County. The area grew rapidly as more settlers arrived, drawn by the opportunities in agriculture and trade. The construction of railroads in the mid-1800s further fueled growth, connecting Fayette County with other parts of Iowa and facilitating the transportation of goods.

The county experienced its fair share of challenges, including the devastating floods of 1851 and the tornadoes that struck in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, these setbacks did not deter the resilience of the county's residents, who rebuilt and continued to thrive.

In the 20th century, Fayette County saw advancements in education and industry. The establishment of Upper Iowa University in the 1850s, which still operates today, brought education opportunities to the region. Meanwhile, the expansion of the mining and manufacturing sectors provided employment opportunities and prosperity for the local economy.

Today, Fayette County continues to be a hub of agricultural activity while also embracing its natural beauty and historical significance. Visitors and residents can explore the county's many parks, rivers, and historic sites, including the effigy mounds left behind by Native American tribes.