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Calhoun County, located in the heartland of Iowa, has a rich and diverse history that dates back to the early 19th century. The area was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, including the Dakota Sioux and the Sauk and Meskwaki tribes. These tribes thrived in the fertile land along the Des Moines River, using it for hunting, fishing, and trading.

The county was officially established in 1853 and named after John C. Calhoun, a prominent American statesman. Settlers flooded into the area, drawn by the promise of fertile soil and opportunities for farming. The first European settlement in the county was Rockwell City, which soon became an important center for trade and agriculture.

During the late 19th century, Calhoun County experienced significant growth and development. The construction of railroads in the area opened up new avenues for transportation and commerce, facilitating the export of agricultural products and attracting new businesses to the region. The county's economy thrived, with farming, mining, and manufacturing becoming major industries.

In the 20th century, Calhoun County faced challenges due to the Great Depression and the decline of coal mining in the area. However, the county's resilient spirit helped it endure these hardships, and various economic diversification efforts were made to stimulate growth. Today, Calhoun County's economy is primarily based on agriculture, with farming and livestock production being the main sources of income for its residents. The county is also known for its natural beauty, including the scenic Lizard Creek and the stunning parks and recreational areas that attract visitors from far and wide.