Old Jacksonville Free Public Library

Duval County, located in northeast Florida, has a rich and complex history that dates back thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples, including the Timucua, who thrived on hunting, fishing, and agriculture. The arrival of European explorers began in the 16th century, with French and Spanish expeditions exploring the region. However, it was the Spanish who established a permanent settlement in 1565, with the founding of St. Augustine, making it the oldest continuously inhabited European-established settlement within the borders of the continental United States.

During the 18th century, control of the area shifted between the Spanish and British several times due to conflicts such as the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. After the United States gained independence, Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821, and Duval County was created in 1822. The county was named in honor of William Pope Duval, the first territorial governor of Florida.

In the 19th century, Duval County experienced significant growth with the establishment of Jacksonville as its county seat. The city grew into an important port and commercial center due to its advantageous location along the St. Johns River and its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean. It became a hub for transportation and trade, attracting steamboat companies, railroads, and later, the Navy during the Civil War.

The 20th century brought continued development and change to Duval County. Jacksonville experienced both prosperity and challenges, including the devastating Great Fire of 1901, which destroyed much of the city's downtown area. In the following decades, the county underwent urbanization, population growth, and the expansion of industries such as tourism, finance, and manufacturing. Today, Duval County remains a vibrant and diverse region, blending its historical significance with modern advancements and opportunities.