The European Settlement

Arkansas County, located in the southeastern part of Arkansas, has a rich history dating back to the prehistoric era. It is believed that Native American tribes like the Quapaw and the Caddo once inhabited this land. European explorers such as Hernando de Soto and Robert La Salle visited the area in the 16th and 17th centuries, but it was not until the early 18th century that permanent settlements began to establish.

The county was officially formed in 1813 during the Arkansas Territory period. At that time, it covered a vast area that included present-day Arkansas, Monroe, and Phillips Counties. The county seat was established in Arkansas Post, an important trading center and the first capital of the Arkansas Territory. Arkansas Post played a significant role during the Civil War as a strategic supply depot for the Confederacy but was eventually captured by Union forces in 1863.

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Arkansas County thrived mostly due to the agricultural industry. Cotton plantations became a dominant force in the local economy, relying heavily on the labor of enslaved African Americans. However, following the Civil War and the abolition of slavery, the economy of Arkansas County faced challenges as it adapted to new labor systems and the industrialization of agriculture.

In the modern era, Arkansas County continues to be primarily agricultural, with a major emphasis on rice farming. The county is also known for its rich wildlife, as it is home to several wildlife refuges and recreational areas that attract outdoor enthusiasts. Today, Arkansas County preserves its historical heritage through various museums, historic sites, and festivals, showcasing the significant contributions of its residents throughout history.