National Register Listings in

Russell County, Alabama

Russell County, Alabama has a rich and diverse history dating back to before its official establishment. The region was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, with the Creek Indians being prominent in the area. In the early 19th century, European settlers began to arrive, mainly from Georgia and the Carolinas, as it offered fertile land for farming, hunting, and trading opportunities.

The county was officially created on December 18, 1832, named after Colonel Gilbert C. Russell, a lawyer and early settler. At that time, Russell County covered a much larger area than it does today, including what is now Lee County. As the area developed, the county seat was established in the town of Crawford, which was later relocated to its current location in Phenix City.

During the American Civil War, Russell County played a crucial role due to its location on the Chattahoochee River, which served as a significant transportation route. The county experienced numerous military actions and was occupied by both Union and Confederate forces at various times during the war. The battle of Girard took place in the present-day Phenix City, resulting in significant destruction and loss of life.

In the post-war years, Russell County witnessed a wave of economic growth and development. The discovery of rich phosphate deposits in the area led to the establishment of mining operations, attracting workers and investors. The county also benefited from the construction of railroads and the establishment of industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and trade. Today, Russell County continues to thrive as a vital part of Alabama's economy and a hub for various industries and activities.