Polish Quarter
Historical marker location:In Polish Silesia, hardship imposed by Prussian occupation, long-term military obligation, natural disaster, and poverty created a climate that encouraged emigration. A Silesian Missionary, Reverend Leopold Moczygemba, ministering to Prussian immigrants at Castroville and New Braunfels, wrote letters home praising life on the Texas frontier. From 1854 to 1857, several Silesian immigrant groups traveled to Texas and, specifically, to San Antonio. Some of these immigrants remained in San Antonio while others continued on their journey to Panna Maria, Bandera and St. Hedwig, where they established the first Polish communities in the United States.
From their first arrival in 1854, Polish immigrants transcribed into San Antonio’s narrative, the registration of cattle brands, voting, participation in the census, and the construction of homes, businesses, a church and school. Following the Civil War, St. Michael’s Parish evolved as a church and school which rapidly became the social center of the Polish Quarter. Most residents sought employment in the community trades and contributed to a growing labor source in San Antonio’s economy, particularly in the iron industry at George Holmgreen’s foundry that later emerged as Alamo Iron Works.
In addition to their impact upon the landscape and culture of San Antonio, the Polish Quarter provided an urban link to the surrounding rural Polish communities, mainly through St. Michael’s parish but also as a connection to their ancestral roots. Although an important segment of the original Polish Quarter has disappeared, a few treasures remain that constitute a significant imprint of the Polish community on San Antonio and central Texas.
(2016)
As one of the most visible programs of the Texas Historical Commission (THC), historical markers commemorate diverse topics in Texas history, including: the history and architecture of houses, commercial and public buildings, religious congregations, and military sites; events that changed the course of local and state history; and individuals who have made lasting contributions to the state, community organizations, and businesses.
The Johnson Space Center, located in Houston, played a crucial role in the development of the U.S. space program. It was here that NASA trained its astronauts and mission control teams, and it continues to be an important center for space research and exploration today.
During the Texas Revolution in 1836, the Battle of the Alamo took place, where a small group of Texan defenders valiantly fought against Mexican forces. Although the defenders ultimately lost, their bravery and sacrifice galvanized the Texan cause. Soon after, the Republic of Texas was established, and Bexar County was officially created in 1837, named after San Antonio de Béxar.
Bexar County played a vital role in the westward expansion of the United States. It became part of the United States when Texas joined as the 28th state in 1845. The county saw significant growth with the construction of railroads, the establishment of military bases like Fort Sam Houston, and the influx of European immigrants. In 1968, HemisFair '68 brought international attention to the county, showcasing its rich cultural heritage and attracting visitors from around the world. Today, Bexar County is known for its vibrant tourism industry, robust military presence, renowned healthcare institutions, and prestigious educational establishments.
Bexar County Timeline
This timeline provides a condensed summary of the historical journey of Bexar County, Texas.
Pre-19th Century: The region that would become Bexar County was inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Coahuiltecan and Lipan Apache.
1718: The Spanish established the Mission San Antonio de Valero, known today as the Alamo, in what is now downtown San Antonio. This marked the beginning of Spanish colonization in the area.
1821: Mexico gained independence from Spain, and the region came under Mexican control.
1836: The Battle of the Alamo took place during the Texas Revolution, where a small group of Texan defenders fought against Mexican forces. Though the defenders were ultimately defeated, their resistance became a symbol of Texas independence.
1837: The Republic of Texas officially established Bexar County, naming it after San Antonio de Béxar, the former Spanish name for the area.
1845: Texas joined the United States as the 28th state.
1861-1865: During the American Civil War, Bexar County remained part of the Confederacy.
Late 19th-early 20th century: The county saw growth and development with the expansion of railroads, the establishment of military bases like Fort Sam Houston, and the arrival of European immigrants.
1968: HemisFair '68, a world's fair, was held in San Antonio, bringing national and international attention to the city and the county.