National Register Listings in
Chaves County, New Mexico

CA Bar Ranch Chaves County Courthouse Diamond A Ranch Downtown Roswell Historic District Downtown Roswell Historic District (Boundary Increase) Flying H Ranch Garrett, Patrick Floyd, House Goddard, Robert H., House Henge, The Massey, Louise, House Millhiser-Baker Farm Milne-Bush Ranch New Mexico Military Institute Historic District Ozark Trails Marker at Lake Arthur Rio Felix Bridge At Hagerman Roswell Artist-in-Residence Compound Saunders-Crosby House Slaughter-Hill Ranch South Spring Ranch Urton Orchards White, James Phelps, House
During World War II, New Mexico was the site of several top-secret military installations, including the Los Alamos National Laboratory, where the atomic bomb was developed. The laboratory is still one of the largest employers in the state and conducts research in fields such as nuclear energy and national security.
New Mexico random facts
Chaves County, located in the southeastern region of New Mexico, has a diverse and rich history that spans thousands of years. The area was originally inhabited by various Native American tribes, including the Jornada Mogollon and Apache peoples. These indigenous groups relied on hunting, gathering, and farming as their primary means of survival.

In the 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived in the region, searching for gold and new trading routes. They established settlements and introduced Christianity to the native population. The Spanish influence remained in the area for several centuries, shaping the culture and architecture of Chaves County.

In the 19th century, American pioneers and settlers began to migrate to the region, attracted by the prospects of ranching and agriculture. The arrival of the railroad in the 1880s further stimulated the county's growth, connecting it to national markets and facilitating the transportation of goods.

Chaves County also played a significant role in the development of the aviation industry. In the early 20th century, famed aviator Roscoe Turner established the Roscoe Turner Airport in the county, attracting aviation enthusiasts and pioneering the field of aviation in New Mexico. Today, Chaves County remains an important hub for aviation, with commercial and private airports serving the region.

With its vibrant history, Chaves County continues to thrive as a center for agriculture, aviation, and cultural heritage. The county's diverse past has left a lasting impact on its communities and has shaped it into a unique and vibrant place to live and visit.

This timeline provides a concise overview of the key events in the history of Chaves County, New Mexico.

  • 1889: Chaves County is created as a county in the Territory of New Mexico.
  • 1893: Roswell becomes the county seat of Chaves County.
  • Early 1900s: Agriculture, particularly dryland farming and livestock raising, becomes the main economic activities in the county.
  • 1940: Walker Air Force Base is established near Roswell, bringing military personnel and economic growth to the region.
  • 1947: The alleged Roswell UFO incident occurs, gaining worldwide attention and cementing Roswell's place in popular culture.
  • 1950s-1960s: Oil and gas exploration and production become important industries in Chaves County.
  • 1970s: The construction and completion of the Brantley Dam leads to the development of recreational activities, such as boating and fishing, in the county.
  • 1990s-Present: Chaves County continues to experience population growth and economic diversification, with sectors like healthcare, education, and tourism playing significant roles.