National Register Listings in

Cheyenne County, Kansas

Cheyenne County, Kansas has a rich and diverse history that can be traced back to the early 1800s. The county was originally inhabited by Native American tribes, such as the Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Pawnee. European explorers first arrived in the area in the early 1800s, with French trappers and traders establishing a presence. However, it was not until the mid-19th century that permanent settlements began to form.

In 1869, the Union Pacific Railroad reached the area, leading to an influx of settlers and the founding of the county. The county was named after the Cheyenne Native American tribe, who had a significant presence in the region. With the arrival of the railroad, agriculture quickly became the primary industry in the county. Farmers cultivated crops like wheat, corn, and sorghum, while also raising cattle and sheep.

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw the county experience periods of growth and development. The county seat, St. Francis, was established in 1885 and has since remained an important center for commerce and culture in the county. During this time, the county also saw the establishment of various schools, churches, and businesses. However, like many rural communities, Cheyenne County was not immune to challenges. The Dust Bowl in the 1930s devastated the agricultural industry, leading to economic decline and population loss.

Despite the challenges faced, Cheyenne County has remained resilient. Today, the county continues to be primarily rural, with a strong focus on agriculture. However, it is also home to natural attractions, such as the St. Francis Lake and the Arikaree Breaks. The county's history is celebrated and preserved through various museums and historical sites, providing insight into the rich and diverse heritage of the region.